A Python Virtual Environment For Every Project

Published 2021-04-09. Last modified 2024-06-10.
Time to read: 6 minutes.

This page is part of the posts collection, categorized under Bash, Python.

Python virtual environments are cheap to make and use – unless you are unfortunate enough to program in native Windows. I have adopted the habit of making a Python virtual environment (venv) for each significant Python project, plus a default venv for trivial Python work.

Why Virtualize Python?

It is better to use virtualized user- and project-specific Python instances, instead of working with a system-wide installation of Python. This allows you to install and upgrade Python packages without using supervisor privileges. Also, virtualized instances allows you to work on many different independent Python projects at the same time, without package version collisions.

Docker is over-sold. It adds unnecessary complexity to software projects. Instead of virtualizing the entire software environment, as docker attempts to do, virtualizing the Python programming environment as described in this article, Ruby rbenv, or node.js nvm are much easier and more productive approaches.

I think docker has been pushed hard in the media because it is a gateway technology to PaSS. This is a trend that PaSS vendors like AWS and Azure want to encourage, but customers are pushing back.

Python’s venv Virtualization Module

Venv is a tool to create isolated virtual Python environments. It has been included with Python since Python v3.3, which was released 12 years ago.

PEP 405 specifies Python’s venv virtualization module.

Deprecated Virtualization Modules

Python 3.6 was released 8 years ago. It deprecated the other virtualization modules, pyenv and virtualenv. Instead, use venv, as described in this article.

Extra Installation Steps for Ubuntu

Venv was included with Python on Ubuntu until Ubuntu 23.04 It virtualizes all the common Python executables.

Debian changed pip’s behavior as a result of PEP 668 – Marking Python base environments as “externally managed”. This affects Ubuntu because it is downstream. Starting with Ubuntu 23.04, you need to install venv by typing:

Shell

$ yes | sudo apt install python3.xx-venv

... where xx is the minor version number of Python that is installed.

For Python 3.12, provided with Ubuntu 24.04 (Noble Numbat), the following incantation is required:

Shell

$ yes | sudo apt install python3.12-venv

For Python 3.11, provided with Ubuntu 23.10 (Mantic Minotaur), the following incantation is required:

Shell

$ yes | sudo apt install python3.11-venv

Some software projects use meta-packages to specify version-agnostic dependencies. Perhaps Python on Ubuntu will do so in the future.

In order to virtualize pip, venv needs to invoke ensurepip, which is not installed by default on Ubuntu. On Ubuntu systems, the ensurepip command is provided by a package called python3-pip.

Shell

$ yes | sudo apt install python3-pip

You could install both of the above packages together, of course:

Shell

$ yes | sudo apt install python3.12-venv python3-pip

Manually Creating a VEnv

The following demonstrates how to create a new virtual python environment in the ~/venv/default/ directory. Intermediate directories, such as venv in this example, will be created as required.

Shell

$ python3 -m venv ~/venv/default

At this point, the virtual environment just contained executable images for Python.

Shell

$ ls ~/venv/default/**
/home/mslinn/venv/default/lib64@  /home/mslinn/venv/default/pyvenv.cfg

/home/mslinn/venv/default/bin:
Activate.ps1  activate  activate.csh  activate.fish  pip*  pip3*  pip3.10*  python@  python3@  python3.10@

/home/mslinn/venv/default/include:

/home/mslinn/venv/default/lib:
python3.10/

Upgrading Python

Re-installing the venv at a later date will update the version of Python in the venv. You will also need to install the appropriate python3-venv package when upgrading Python.

Each time you (re)install a virtual environment, all pip packages are removed. To prevent the loss of your installed pip packages, use pip freeze before upgrading Ubuntu, so the pip packages are memorialized in requirements.txt. After upgrading Python, run pip install to re-install the pip packages.

The following incantation runs pip freeze on every directory under ~/venv, and creates a file called requirements.txt in each venv directory:

Shell

$ find ~/venv -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type d -print0 |
  while IFS= read -r -d '' DIR; do
    source "$DIR/bin/activate"
    pip freeze > "$DIR/requirements.txt"
  done

The above incantation should be performed for each of your Python venvs before you upgrade Ubuntu, because sometimes Python venvs do not work after an upgrade. The next step should fix Python venvs that broke during an Ubuntu upgrade.

Here is an example showing the commands that must be typed to upgrade Python from v3.11 to v3.12, which you will have to do when upgrading from Ubuntu 23.10 to Ubuntu 24.04. Scroll the code window to see all the commands:

Shell

$ yes | sudo apt install python3.12-venv
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  python3.12-venv
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded.
Need to get 5676 B of archives.
After this operation, 28.7 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 python3.12-venv amd64 3.12.3-1 [5676 B]
Fetched 5676 B in 0s (31.1 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package python3.12-venv.
(Reading database ... 444385 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../python3.12-venv_3.12.3-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3.12-venv (3.12.3-1) ...
Setting up python3.12-venv (3.12.3-1) ...
Scanning processes...

No services need to be restarted.

No containers need to be restarted.

No user sessions are running outdated binaries.

No VM guests are running outdated hypervisor (qemu) binaries on this host. 

$ find ~/venv -maxdepth 1 -type d -print0 |
  while IFS= read -r -d '' DIR; do
    python3 -m venv "$DIR"
    source "$DIR/bin/activate"
    pip install -r "$DIR/requirements.txt"
  done

VEnvs are Nearly Free

The cost of a venv is virtually free for all OSes except native Windows. This is because on all OSes except native Windows, the executable images are linked by default, so they do not require much storage space.

The ls command below shows that the python program in the default venv is linked to /usr/bin/python3.10.

Shell

$ ls -go ~/venv/default/bin/python
lrwxrwxrwx 1 18 Apr 9 06:01 /home/mslinn/venv/default/bin/python -> python3*

Create a VEnv for Every Python Project

My projects are stored under the directory pointed to by $work.

My standard procedure when making a Python project called $work/blah is to also create a venv for it at within the project, at $work/blah/.venv/. I add an entry to .gitignore that merely consists of a line that says .venv/.

A bash alias could be defined called blah that makes the project directory current and activates the venv:

~/.bash_aliases

alias blah="cd $work/blah; source ./venv/bin/activate"

😁

Now you could type blah at a shell prompt, and you would be working on that project. Boom!

Deactivate a VEnv

Stop using venvs with deactivate. Notice that the prompt changes.

Shell

(aw) $ deactivate

$

Directory-Locked Python Virtualization

After setting up a Python virtual environment, a quick examination of the pip script shows that it is hard-coded to the directory that it was made for:

Shell

$ head -n 1 ~/venv/aw/bin/pip
#!/home/mslinn/venv/aw/bin/python

For virtualized environments, such as Docker, this means that a Python virtual environment created without Docker can only be used within a Docker image if the path to it is the same from within the Docker image as when it was created.

Poetry and Python Virtual Environments

Python venvs are a good way to isolate Python programs from each other, so their dependencies do not clash.

The two best-known package managers for Python are PIP and Poetry. PIP is bundled with Python, while Poetry needs to be explicitly installed.

Python venvs use links to provide virtualized Python commands. Inside each venv, you will find links to programs like python, pip and library dependencies for every project that installs dependencies while the venv is active.

Poetry can:

Create a venv in .venv
Install specified library dependencies
Run the program using the venv dependencies
Publish the Python package.

Installing Poetry

If you are not careful, installing Poetry could be a chicken-and-egg race condition. You do not want Poetry to be a dependency of the venv that it manages, because it is designed to manage the libraries within the venv.

Poetry has a custom installer that creates a dedicated virtual environment for itself, and operates independently from other Python-related mechanisms. This isolated environment prevents unintentional upgrades or removals of dependencies, allowing Poetry to manage its own dependencies properly.

While it is possible to install Poetry using PIP within a venv, it is better to install Poetry system-wide. The Setup section below discusses how to do that.

PIP dependencies are often specified in a file called requirements.txt. This file ensures that a Python project uses the correct versions of dependencies by listing all the packages and their versions. Poetry uses a file called poetry.lock for the same purpose. In addition to the names and versions of the dependencies, poetry.lock also specifies the hashes of the dependant source files.

Poetry Help Messages

The top-level help message for Poetry is:

Shell

$ poetry --help
Description:
  Lists commands.

Usage:
  list [options] [--] [<namespace>]

Arguments:
  namespace                  The namespace name

Options:
  -h, --help                 Display help for the given command. When no command is given display help for the list command.
  -q, --quiet                Do not output any message.
  -V, --version              Display this application version.
      --ansi                 Force ANSI output.
      --no-ansi              Disable ANSI output.
  -n, --no-interaction       Do not ask any interactive question.
      --no-plugins           Disables plugins.
      --no-cache             Disables Poetry source caches.
  -C, --directory=DIRECTORY  The working directory for the Poetry command (defaults to the current working directory).
  -v|vv|vvv, --verbose       Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug.

Help:
  The list command lists all commands:

    poetry list

  You can also display the commands for a specific namespace:

    poetry list test

The Poetry commands are:

Shell

$ poetry list
Poetry (version 1.7.1)

Usage:
  command [options] [arguments]

Options:
  -h, --help                 Display help for the given command. When no command is given display help for the list command.
  -q, --quiet                Do not output any message.
  -V, --version              Display this application version.
      --ansi                 Force ANSI output.
      --no-ansi              Disable ANSI output.
  -n, --no-interaction       Do not ask any interactive question.
      --no-plugins           Disables plugins.
      --no-cache             Disables Poetry source caches.
  -C, --directory=DIRECTORY  The working directory for the Poetry command (defaults to the current working directory).
  -v|vv|vvv, --verbose       Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug.

Available commands:
  about              Shows information about Poetry.
  add                Adds a new dependency to pyproject.toml.
  build              Builds a package, as a tarball and a wheel by default.
  check              Validates the content of the pyproject.toml file and its consistency with the poetry.lock file.
  config             Manages configuration settings.
  export             Exports the lock file to alternative formats.
  help               Displays help for a command.
  init               Creates a basic pyproject.toml file in the current directory.
  install            Installs the project dependencies.
  list               Lists commands.
  lock               Locks the project dependencies.
  new                Creates a new Python project at <path>.
  publish            Publishes a package to a remote repository.
  remove             Removes a package from the project dependencies.
  run                Runs a command in the appropriate environment.
  search             Searches for packages on remote repositories.
  shell              Spawns a shell within the virtual environment.
  show               Shows information about packages.
  update             Update the dependencies as according to the pyproject.toml file.
  version            Shows the version of the project or bumps it when a valid bump rule is provided.

  cache
  cache clear        Clears a Poetry cache by name.
  cache list         List Poetry's caches.

  debug
  debug info         Shows debug information.
  debug resolve      Debugs dependency resolution.

  env
  env info           Displays information about the current environment.
  env list           Lists all virtualenvs associated with the current project.
  env remove         Remove virtual environments associated with the project.
  env use            Activates or creates a new virtualenv for the current project.

  self
  self add           Add additional packages to Poetry's runtime environment.
  self install       Install locked packages (incl. addons) required by this Poetry installation.
  self lock          Lock the Poetry installation's system requirements.
  self remove        Remove additional packages from Poetry's runtime environment.
  self show          Show packages from Poetry's runtime environment.
  self show plugins  Shows information about the currently installed plugins.
  self update        Updates Poetry to the latest version.

  source
  source add         Add source configuration for project.
  source remove      Remove source configured for the project.
  source show        Show information about sources configured for the project.

Detecting a Venv

Active virtual environments suppress Poetry’s behavior.

For example:

Shell

$ poetry shell
Virtual environment already activated: /home/mslinn/venv/default

If you want to use Poetry on a project, deactivate any active virtual environment before attempting to work on the project.

Shell

$ deactivate

Here is a fragment of a script that detects if a venv is active, and disables it if so:

Bash script fragment

# Disable any activated virtual environment
VENV="$( dirname "$( which virtualenv)" )"
if [ -d "$VENV" ]; then source "$VENV/activate" && deactivate; fi

Setup

The optimal process for setting up Poetry for use in a project is:

Install Poetry, preferably system-wide. I used apt to install the poetry package.
Shell
```
$ yes | sudo apt install python3-poetry
```
Configure Poetry to manage the libraries within the venv. The poetry config help message is shown below.
Use Poetry to install the library dependencies.
Use Poetry to run the program using the dependencies in the venv, and/or to spawn a command-line subshell that provides access to the dependencies managed by Poetry.

The help information for the poetry config command is:

Shell

$ poetry config --help
Description:
  Manages configuration settings.

Usage:
  config [options] [--] [<key> [<value>...]]

Arguments:
  key                        Setting key.
  value                      Setting value.

Options:
      --list                 List configuration settings.
      --unset                Unset configuration setting.
      --local                Set/Get from the project's local configuration.
  -h, --help                 Display help for the given command. When no command is given display help for the list command.
  -q, --quiet                Do not output any message.
  -V, --version              Display this application version.
      --ansi                 Force ANSI output.
      --no-ansi              Disable ANSI output.
  -n, --no-interaction       Do not ask any interactive question.
      --no-plugins           Disables plugins.
      --no-cache             Disables Poetry source caches.
  -C, --directory=DIRECTORY  The working directory for the Poetry command (defaults to the current working directory).
  -v|vv|vvv, --verbose       Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug.

Help:
  This command allows you to edit the poetry config settings and repositories.

  To add a repository:

      poetry config repositories.foo https://bar.com/simple/

  To remove a repository (repo is a short alias for repositories):

      poetry config --unset repo.foo

Initializing the Poetry .venv

Imagine you have a Python project stored in $my_project.

Shell

$ cd $my_project

poetry install

The poetry install subcommand installs dependencies specified in poetry.lock, within the venv.

The help information for the poetry install command is:

Shell

$ poetry install --help
Description:
  Installs the project dependencies.

Usage:
  install [options]

Options:
      --without=WITHOUT      The dependency groups to ignore. (multiple values allowed)
      --with=WITH            The optional dependency groups to include. (multiple values allowed)
      --only=ONLY            The only dependency groups to include. (multiple values allowed)
      --no-dev               Do not install the development dependencies. (Deprecated)
      --sync                 Synchronize the environment with the locked packages and the specified groups.
      --no-root              Do not install the root package (the current project).
      --no-directory         Do not install any directory path dependencies; useful to install dependencies without source code, e.g. for caching of Docker layers)
      --dry-run              Output the operations but do not execute anything (implicitly enables --verbose).
      --remove-untracked     Removes packages not present in the lock file. (Deprecated)
  -E, --extras=EXTRAS        Extra sets of dependencies to install. (multiple values allowed)
      --all-extras           Install all extra dependencies.
      --only-root            Exclude all dependencies.
      --compile              Compile Python source files to bytecode. (This option has no effect if modern-installation is disabled because the old installer always compiles.)
  -h, --help                 Display help for the given command. When no command is given display help for the list command.
  -q, --quiet                Do not output any message.
  -V, --version              Display this application version.
      --ansi                 Force ANSI output.
      --no-ansi              Disable ANSI output.
  -n, --no-interaction       Do not ask any interactive question.
      --no-plugins           Disables plugins.
      --no-cache             Disables Poetry source caches.
  -C, --directory=DIRECTORY  The working directory for the Poetry command (defaults to the current working directory).
  -v|vv|vvv, --verbose       Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug.

Help:
  The install command reads the poetry.lock file from
  the current directory, processes it, and downloads and installs all the
  libraries and dependencies outlined in that file. If the file does not
  exist it will look for pyproject.toml and do the same.

  poetry install

  By default, the above command will also install the current project. To install only the
  dependencies and not including the current project, run the command with the
  --no-root option like below:

    poetry install --no-root

Here is an example of using poetry install.

Shell

$ poetry install --with local
Creating virtualenv private-gpt in /mnt/f/work/my_project/.venv

Created Files

The first time that Poetry does something, e.g. when the poetry install or poetry shell subcommands are run, Poetry creates a file in the project directory called poetry.toml. As an example, if your Python project is stored in /mnt/c/work/my_project/, poetry.toml will contain:

/mnt/c/work/my_project/poetry.toml

[virtualenvs]
create = true
in-project = true
path = "/mnt/c/work/my_project/.venv"

A file called .venv/pyvenv.cfg is also created, which looks like this:

/mnt/c/work/my_project/.venv/pyvenv.cfg

home = /usr/bin
implementation = CPython
version_info = 3.11.6.final.0
virtualenv = 20.24.1+ds
include-system-site-packages = false
base-prefix = /usr
base-exec-prefix = /usr
base-executable = /usr/bin/python3
prompt = my_project-py3.11

poetry run

The poetry run subcommand runs Python programs and scripts with the virtual environment managed by Poetry.

Shell

$ poetry run python my_program

If the first line of a script is the shebang for running Python, like this:

scripts/setup shebang

#!/usr/bin/env python3

... then we do not need to specify python or python3 on the command line.

Shell

$ poetry run my_script_containg_shebang

poetry shell

You could spawn a subshell that provides access to the dependencies managed by Poetry with the poetry shell subcommand:

Shell

$ poetry shell
Creating virtualenv my_project in /mnt/f/work/evelyn/my_project/.venv
Spawning shell within /mnt/f/work/my_project/.venv
. /mnt/f/work/my_project/.venv/bin/activate
. /mnt/f/work/my_project/.venv/bin/activate

To deactivate the virtual environment, and exit this new shell, type CTRL-D or exit.

poetry show --tree

You can view all the dependencies for a Poetry project like this:

Shell

$ poetry show --tree
black 22.12.0 The uncompromising code formatter.
├── click >=8.0.0
│   └── colorama *
├── mypy-extensions >=0.4.3
├── pathspec >=0.9.0
└── platformdirs >=2
boto3 1.34.2 The AWS SDK for Python
├── botocore >=1.34.2,<1.35.0
│   ├── jmespath >=0.7.1,<2.0.0
│   ├── python-dateutil >=2.1,<3.0.0
│   │   └── six >=1.5
│   └── urllib3 >=1.25.4,<2.1
├── jmespath >=0.7.1,<2.0.0
└── s3transfer >=0.9.0,<0.10.0
    └── botocore >=1.33.2,<2.0a.0
        ├── jmespath >=0.7.1,<2.0.0
        ├── python-dateutil >=2.1,<3.0.0
        │   └── six >=1.5
        └── urllib3 >=1.25.4,<2.1
chromadb 0.4.20 Chroma.
├── bcrypt >=4.0.1
├── chroma-hnswlib 0.7.3
│   └── numpy *
├── fastapi >=0.95.2
│   ├── anyio >=3.7.1,<4.0.0
│   │   ├── idna >=2.8
│   │   └── sniffio >=1.1
│   ├── email-validator >=2.0.0
│   │   ├── dnspython >=2.0.0
│   │   └── idna >=2.0.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── httpx >=0.23.0
│   │   ├── anyio * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── certifi *
│   │   ├── h2 >=3,<5
│   │   │   ├── hpack >=4.0,<5
│   │   │   └── hyperframe >=6.0,<7
│   │   ├── httpcore ==1.*
│   │   │   ├── certifi * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   │   └── h11 >=0.13,<0.15
│   │   ├── idna * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   └── sniffio * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── itsdangerous >=1.1.0
│   ├── jinja2 >=2.11.2
│   │   └── markupsafe >=2.0
│   ├── orjson >=3.2.1
│   ├── pydantic >=1.7.4,<1.8 || >1.8,<1.8.1 || >1.8.1,<2.0.0 || >2.0.0,<2.0.1 || >2.0.1,<2.1.0 || >2.1.0,<3.0.0
│   │   ├── annotated-types >=0.4.0
│   │   ├── pydantic-core 2.14.5
│   │   │   └── typing-extensions >=4.6.0,<4.7.0 || >4.7.0
│   │   └── typing-extensions >=4.6.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── pydantic-extra-types >=2.0.0
│   │   └── pydantic >=2.0.3 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── pydantic-settings >=2.0.0
│   │   ├── pydantic >=2.3.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   └── python-dotenv >=0.21.0
│   ├── python-multipart >=0.0.5
│   ├── pyyaml >=5.3.1
│   ├── starlette >=0.27.0,<0.28.0
│   │   └── anyio >=3.4.0,<5 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── typing-extensions >=4.5.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── ujson >=4.0.1,<4.0.2 || >4.0.2,<4.1.0 || >4.1.0,<4.2.0 || >4.2.0,<4.3.0 || >4.3.0,<5.0.0 || >5.0.0,<5.1.0 || >5.1.0
│   └── uvicorn >=0.12.0
│       ├── click >=7.0
│       │   └── colorama *
│       ├── colorama >=0.4 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       ├── h11 >=0.8 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       ├── httptools >=0.5.0
│       ├── python-dotenv >=0.13 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       ├── pyyaml >=5.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       ├── uvloop >=0.14.0,<0.15.0 || >0.15.0,<0.15.1 || >0.15.1
│       ├── watchfiles >=0.13
│       │   └── anyio >=3.0.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       └── websockets >=10.4
├── grpcio >=1.58.0
├── importlib-resources *
├── kubernetes >=28.1.0
│   ├── certifi >=14.05.14
│   ├── google-auth >=1.0.1
│   │   ├── cachetools >=2.0.0,<6.0
│   │   ├── pyasn1-modules >=0.2.1
│   │   │   └── pyasn1 >=0.4.6,<0.6.0
│   │   └── rsa >=3.1.4,<5
│   │       └── pyasn1 >=0.1.3 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── oauthlib >=3.2.2
│   ├── python-dateutil >=2.5.3
│   │   └── six >=1.5
│   ├── pyyaml >=5.4.1
│   ├── requests *
│   │   ├── certifi >=2017.4.17 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── charset-normalizer >=2,<4
│   │   ├── idna >=2.5,<4
│   │   └── urllib3 >=1.21.1,<3
│   ├── requests-oauthlib *
│   │   ├── oauthlib >=3.0.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   └── requests >=2.0.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── six >=1.9.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── urllib3 >=1.24.2,<2.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   └── websocket-client >=0.32.0,<0.40.0 || >0.40.0,<0.41.dev0 || >=0.43.dev0
├── mmh3 >=4.0.1
├── numpy >=1.22.5
├── onnxruntime >=1.14.1
│   ├── coloredlogs *
│   │   └── humanfriendly >=9.1
│   │       └── pyreadline3 *
│   ├── flatbuffers *
│   ├── numpy >=1.21.6
│   ├── packaging *
│   ├── protobuf *
│   └── sympy *
│       └── mpmath >=0.19
├── opentelemetry-api >=1.2.0
│   ├── deprecated >=1.2.6
│   │   └── wrapt >=1.10,<2
│   └── importlib-metadata >=6.0,<7.0
│       └── zipp >=0.5
├── opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-grpc >=1.2.0
│   ├── backoff >=1.10.0,<3.0.0
│   ├── deprecated >=1.2.6
│   │   └── wrapt >=1.10,<2
│   ├── googleapis-common-protos >=1.52,<2.0
│   │   └── protobuf >=3.19.5,<3.20.0 || >3.20.0,<3.20.1 || >3.20.1,<4.21.1 || >4.21.1,<4.21.2 || >4.21.2,<4.21.3 || >4.21.3,<4.21.4 || >4.21.4,<4.21.5 || >4.21.5,<5.0.0.dev0
│   ├── grpcio >=1.0.0,<2.0.0
│   ├── opentelemetry-api >=1.15,<2.0
│   │   ├── deprecated >=1.2.6 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   └── importlib-metadata >=6.0,<7.0
│   │       └── zipp >=0.5
│   ├── opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-common 1.21.0
│   │   ├── backoff >=1.10.0,<3.0.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   └── opentelemetry-proto 1.21.0
│   │       └── protobuf >=3.19,<5.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── opentelemetry-proto 1.21.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   └── opentelemetry-sdk >=1.21.0,<1.22.0
│       ├── opentelemetry-api 1.21.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       ├── opentelemetry-semantic-conventions 0.42b0
│       └── typing-extensions >=3.7.4
├── opentelemetry-instrumentation-fastapi >=0.41b0
│   ├── opentelemetry-api >=1.12,<2.0
│   │   ├── deprecated >=1.2.6
│   │   │   └── wrapt >=1.10,<2
│   │   └── importlib-metadata >=6.0,<7.0
│   │       └── zipp >=0.5
│   ├── opentelemetry-instrumentation 0.42b0
│   │   ├── opentelemetry-api >=1.4,<2.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── setuptools >=16.0
│   │   └── wrapt >=1.0.0,<2.0.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── opentelemetry-instrumentation-asgi 0.42b0
│   │   ├── asgiref >=3.0,<4.0
│   │   ├── opentelemetry-api >=1.12,<2.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── opentelemetry-instrumentation 0.42b0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── opentelemetry-semantic-conventions 0.42b0
│   │   └── opentelemetry-util-http 0.42b0
│   ├── opentelemetry-semantic-conventions 0.42b0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   └── opentelemetry-util-http 0.42b0 (circular dependency aborted here)
├── opentelemetry-sdk >=1.2.0
│   ├── opentelemetry-api 1.21.0
│   │   ├── deprecated >=1.2.6
│   │   │   └── wrapt >=1.10,<2
│   │   └── importlib-metadata >=6.0,<7.0
│   │       └── zipp >=0.5
│   ├── opentelemetry-semantic-conventions 0.42b0
│   └── typing-extensions >=3.7.4
├── overrides >=7.3.1
├── posthog >=2.4.0
│   ├── backoff >=1.10.0
│   ├── monotonic >=1.5
│   ├── python-dateutil >2.1
│   │   └── six >=1.5
│   ├── requests >=2.7,<3.0
│   │   ├── certifi >=2017.4.17
│   │   ├── charset-normalizer >=2,<4
│   │   ├── idna >=2.5,<4
│   │   └── urllib3 >=1.21.1,<3
│   └── six >=1.5 (circular dependency aborted here)
├── pulsar-client >=3.1.0
│   └── certifi *
├── pydantic >=1.9
│   ├── annotated-types >=0.4.0
│   ├── pydantic-core 2.14.5
│   │   └── typing-extensions >=4.6.0,<4.7.0 || >4.7.0
│   └── typing-extensions >=4.6.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
├── pypika >=0.48.9
├── pyyaml >=6.0.0
├── requests >=2.28
│   ├── certifi >=2017.4.17
│   ├── charset-normalizer >=2,<4
│   ├── idna >=2.5,<4
│   └── urllib3 >=1.21.1,<3
├── tenacity >=8.2.3
├── tokenizers >=0.13.2
│   └── huggingface-hub >=0.16.4,<1.0
│       ├── filelock *
│       ├── fsspec >=2023.5.0
│       │   ├── aiohttp <4.0.0a0 || >4.0.0a0,<4.0.0a1 || >4.0.0a1
│       │   │   ├── aiosignal >=1.1.2
│       │   │   │   └── frozenlist >=1.1.0
│       │   │   ├── attrs >=17.3.0
│       │   │   ├── frozenlist >=1.1.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       │   │   ├── multidict >=4.5,<7.0
│       │   │   └── yarl >=1.0,<2.0
│       │   │       ├── idna >=2.0
│       │   │       └── multidict >=4.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       │   └── requests *
│       │       ├── certifi >=2017.4.17
│       │       ├── charset-normalizer >=2,<4
│       │       ├── idna >=2.5,<4 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       │       └── urllib3 >=1.21.1,<3
│       ├── packaging >=20.9
│       ├── pyyaml >=5.1
│       ├── requests * (circular dependency aborted here)
│       ├── tqdm >=4.42.1
│       │   └── colorama *
│       └── typing-extensions >=3.7.4.3
├── tqdm >=4.65.0
│   └── colorama *
├── typer >=0.9.0
│   ├── click >=7.1.1,<9.0.0
│   │   └── colorama *
│   ├── colorama >=0.4.3,<0.5.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── rich >=10.11.0,<14.0.0
│   │   ├── markdown-it-py >=2.2.0
│   │   │   └── mdurl >=0.1,<1.0
│   │   └── pygments >=2.13.0,<3.0.0
│   ├── shellingham >=1.3.0,<2.0.0
│   └── typing-extensions >=3.7.4.3
├── typing-extensions >=4.5.0
└── uvicorn >=0.18.3
    ├── click >=7.0
    │   └── colorama *
    ├── colorama >=0.4 (circular dependency aborted here)
    ├── h11 >=0.8
    ├── httptools >=0.5.0
    ├── python-dotenv >=0.13
    ├── pyyaml >=5.1
    ├── uvloop >=0.14.0,<0.15.0 || >0.15.0,<0.15.1 || >0.15.1
    ├── watchfiles >=0.13
    │   └── anyio >=3.0.0
    │       ├── idna >=2.8
    │       └── sniffio >=1.1
    └── websockets >=10.4
fastapi 0.103.2 FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production
├── anyio >=3.7.1,<4.0.0
│   ├── idna >=2.8
│   └── sniffio >=1.1
├── email-validator >=2.0.0
│   ├── dnspython >=2.0.0
│   └── idna >=2.0.0
├── httpx >=0.23.0
│   ├── anyio *
│   │   ├── idna >=2.8
│   │   └── sniffio >=1.1
│   ├── certifi *
│   ├── h2 >=3,<5
│   │   ├── hpack >=4.0,<5
│   │   └── hyperframe >=6.0,<7
│   ├── httpcore ==1.*
│   │   ├── certifi * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   └── h11 >=0.13,<0.15
│   ├── idna * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   └── sniffio * (circular dependency aborted here)
├── itsdangerous >=1.1.0
├── jinja2 >=2.11.2
│   └── markupsafe >=2.0
├── orjson >=3.2.1
├── pydantic >=1.7.4,<1.8 || >1.8,<1.8.1 || >1.8.1,<2.0.0 || >2.0.0,<2.0.1 || >2.0.1,<2.1.0 || >2.1.0,<3.0.0
│   ├── annotated-types >=0.4.0
│   ├── pydantic-core 2.14.5
│   │   └── typing-extensions >=4.6.0,<4.7.0 || >4.7.0
│   └── typing-extensions >=4.6.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
├── pydantic-extra-types >=2.0.0
│   └── pydantic >=2.0.3
│       ├── annotated-types >=0.4.0
│       ├── pydantic-core 2.14.5
│       │   └── typing-extensions >=4.6.0,<4.7.0 || >4.7.0
│       └── typing-extensions >=4.6.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
├── pydantic-settings >=2.0.0
│   ├── pydantic >=2.3.0
│   │   ├── annotated-types >=0.4.0
│   │   ├── pydantic-core 2.14.5
│   │   │   └── typing-extensions >=4.6.0,<4.7.0 || >4.7.0
│   │   └── typing-extensions >=4.6.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   └── python-dotenv >=0.21.0
├── python-multipart >=0.0.5
├── pyyaml >=5.3.1
├── starlette >=0.27.0,<0.28.0
│   └── anyio >=3.4.0,<5
│       ├── idna >=2.8
│       └── sniffio >=1.1
├── typing-extensions >=4.5.0
├── ujson >=4.0.1,<4.0.2 || >4.0.2,<4.1.0 || >4.1.0,<4.2.0 || >4.2.0,<4.3.0 || >4.3.0,<5.0.0 || >5.0.0,<5.1.0 || >5.1.0
└── uvicorn >=0.12.0
    ├── click >=7.0
    │   └── colorama *
    ├── colorama >=0.4 (circular dependency aborted here)
    ├── h11 >=0.8
    ├── httptools >=0.5.0
    ├── python-dotenv >=0.13
    ├── pyyaml >=5.1
    ├── uvloop >=0.14.0,<0.15.0 || >0.15.0,<0.15.1 || >0.15.1
    ├── watchfiles >=0.13
    │   └── anyio >=3.0.0
    │       ├── idna >=2.8
    │       └── sniffio >=1.1
    └── websockets >=10.4
injector 0.21.0 Injector - Python dependency injection framework, inspired by Guice
llama-index 0.9.3 Interface between LLMs and your data
├── aiohttp >=3.8.6,<4.0.0
│   ├── aiosignal >=1.1.2
│   │   └── frozenlist >=1.1.0
│   ├── attrs >=17.3.0
│   ├── frozenlist >=1.1.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── multidict >=4.5,<7.0
│   └── yarl >=1.0,<2.0
│       ├── idna >=2.0
│       └── multidict >=4.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
├── aiostream >=0.5.2,<0.6.0
│   └── typing-extensions *
├── beautifulsoup4 >=4.12.2,<5.0.0
│   └── soupsieve >1.2
├── dataclasses-json >=0.5.7,<0.6.0
│   ├── marshmallow >=3.18.0,<4.0.0
│   │   └── packaging >=17.0
│   └── typing-inspect >=0.4.0,<1
│       ├── mypy-extensions >=0.3.0
│       └── typing-extensions >=3.7.4
├── deprecated >=1.2.9.3
│   └── wrapt >=1.10,<2
├── fsspec >=2023.5.0
│   ├── aiohttp <4.0.0a0 || >4.0.0a0,<4.0.0a1 || >4.0.0a1
│   │   ├── aiosignal >=1.1.2
│   │   │   └── frozenlist >=1.1.0
│   │   ├── attrs >=17.3.0
│   │   ├── frozenlist >=1.1.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── multidict >=4.5,<7.0
│   │   └── yarl >=1.0,<2.0
│   │       ├── idna >=2.0
│   │       └── multidict >=4.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   └── requests *
│       ├── certifi >=2017.4.17
│       ├── charset-normalizer >=2,<4
│       ├── idna >=2.5,<4 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       └── urllib3 >=1.21.1,<3
├── httpx *
│   ├── anyio *
│   │   ├── idna >=2.8
│   │   └── sniffio >=1.1
│   ├── certifi *
│   ├── h2 >=3,<5
│   │   ├── hpack >=4.0,<5
│   │   └── hyperframe >=6.0,<7
│   ├── httpcore ==1.*
│   │   ├── certifi * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   └── h11 >=0.13,<0.15
│   ├── idna * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   └── sniffio * (circular dependency aborted here)
├── nest-asyncio >=1.5.8,<2.0.0
├── nltk >=3.8.1,<4.0.0
│   ├── click *
│   │   └── colorama *
│   ├── joblib *
│   ├── regex >=2021.8.3
│   └── tqdm *
│       └── colorama * (circular dependency aborted here)
├── numpy *
├── openai >=1.1.0
│   ├── anyio >=3.5.0,<5
│   │   ├── idna >=2.8
│   │   └── sniffio >=1.1
│   ├── distro >=1.7.0,<2
│   ├── httpx >=0.23.0,<1
│   │   ├── anyio * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── certifi *
│   │   ├── h2 >=3,<5
│   │   │   ├── hpack >=4.0,<5
│   │   │   └── hyperframe >=6.0,<7
│   │   ├── httpcore ==1.*
│   │   │   ├── certifi * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   │   └── h11 >=0.13,<0.15
│   │   ├── idna * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   └── sniffio * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── pydantic >=1.9.0,<3
│   │   ├── annotated-types >=0.4.0
│   │   ├── pydantic-core 2.14.5
│   │   │   └── typing-extensions >=4.6.0,<4.7.0 || >4.7.0
│   │   └── typing-extensions >=4.6.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── sniffio * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── tqdm >4
│   │   └── colorama *
│   └── typing-extensions >=4.5,<5 (circular dependency aborted here)
├── optimum >=1.13.2,<2.0.0
│   ├── coloredlogs *
│   │   └── humanfriendly >=9.1
│   │       └── pyreadline3 *
│   ├── datasets *
│   │   ├── aiohttp *
│   │   │   ├── aiosignal >=1.1.2
│   │   │   │   └── frozenlist >=1.1.0
│   │   │   ├── attrs >=17.3.0
│   │   │   ├── frozenlist >=1.1.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   │   ├── multidict >=4.5,<7.0
│   │   │   └── yarl >=1.0,<2.0
│   │   │       ├── idna >=2.0
│   │   │       └── multidict >=4.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── dill >=0.3.0,<0.3.8
│   │   ├── fsspec >=2021.11.1
│   │   │   ├── aiohttp <4.0.0a0 || >4.0.0a0,<4.0.0a1 || >4.0.0a1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   │   └── requests *
│   │   │       ├── certifi >=2017.4.17
│   │   │       ├── charset-normalizer >=2,<4
│   │   │       ├── idna >=2.5,<4 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   │       └── urllib3 >=1.21.1,<3
│   │   ├── huggingface-hub >=0.14.0,<1.0.0
│   │   │   ├── filelock *
│   │   │   ├── fsspec >=2023.5.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   │   ├── packaging >=20.9
│   │   │   ├── pyyaml >=5.1
│   │   │   ├── requests * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   │   ├── tqdm >=4.42.1
│   │   │   │   └── colorama *
│   │   │   └── typing-extensions >=3.7.4.3
│   │   ├── multiprocess *
│   │   │   └── dill >=0.3.7 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── numpy >=1.17
│   │   ├── packaging * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── pandas *
│   │   │   ├── numpy >=1.23.2,<2 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   │   ├── python-dateutil >=2.8.2
│   │   │   │   └── six >=1.5
│   │   │   ├── pytz >=2020.1
│   │   │   └── tzdata >=2022.1
│   │   ├── pyarrow >=8.0.0
│   │   │   └── numpy >=1.16.6 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── pyyaml >=5.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── requests >=2.19.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── tqdm >=4.62.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   └── xxhash *
│   ├── datasets >=1.2.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── evaluate *
│   │   ├── datasets >=2.0.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── dill * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── fsspec >=2021.05.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── huggingface-hub >=0.7.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── multiprocess * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── numpy >=1.17 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── packaging * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── pandas * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── requests >=2.19.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── responses <0.19
│   │   │   ├── requests >=2.0,<3.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   │   └── urllib3 >=1.25.10 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── tqdm >=4.62.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   └── xxhash * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── huggingface-hub >=0.8.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── numpy * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── onnx *
│   │   ├── numpy * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   └── protobuf >=3.20.2
│   ├── onnxruntime >=1.11.0
│   │   ├── coloredlogs * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── flatbuffers *
│   │   ├── numpy >=1.21.6 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── packaging * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── protobuf * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   └── sympy *
│   │       └── mpmath >=0.19
│   ├── packaging * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── protobuf >=3.20.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── sympy * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── torch >=1.9
│   │   ├── filelock * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── fsspec * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── jinja2 *
│   │   │   └── markupsafe >=2.0
│   │   ├── networkx *
│   │   ├── nvidia-cublas-cu12 12.1.3.1
│   │   ├── nvidia-cuda-cupti-cu12 12.1.105
│   │   ├── nvidia-cuda-nvrtc-cu12 12.1.105
│   │   ├── nvidia-cuda-runtime-cu12 12.1.105
│   │   ├── nvidia-cudnn-cu12 8.9.2.26
│   │   │   └── nvidia-cublas-cu12 * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── nvidia-cufft-cu12 11.0.2.54
│   │   ├── nvidia-curand-cu12 10.3.2.106
│   │   ├── nvidia-cusolver-cu12 11.4.5.107
│   │   │   ├── nvidia-cublas-cu12 * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   │   ├── nvidia-cusparse-cu12 *
│   │   │   │   └── nvidia-nvjitlink-cu12 *
│   │   │   └── nvidia-nvjitlink-cu12 * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── nvidia-cusparse-cu12 12.1.0.106 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── nvidia-nccl-cu12 2.18.1
│   │   ├── nvidia-nvtx-cu12 12.1.105
│   │   ├── sympy * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── triton 2.1.0
│   │   │   └── filelock * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   └── typing-extensions * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   └── transformers >=4.26.0
│       ├── accelerate >=0.21.0
│       │   ├── huggingface-hub * (circular dependency aborted here)
│       │   ├── numpy >=1.17 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       │   ├── packaging >=20.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       │   ├── psutil *
│       │   ├── pyyaml * (circular dependency aborted here)
│       │   ├── safetensors >=0.3.1
│       │   └── torch >=1.10.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       ├── filelock * (circular dependency aborted here)
│       ├── huggingface-hub >=0.19.3,<1.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       ├── numpy >=1.17 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       ├── packaging >=20.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       ├── protobuf * (circular dependency aborted here)
│       ├── pyyaml >=5.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       ├── regex !=2019.12.17
│       ├── requests * (circular dependency aborted here)
│       ├── safetensors >=0.3.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       ├── sentencepiece >=0.1.91,<0.1.92 || >0.1.92
│       ├── tokenizers >=0.14,<0.19
│       │   └── huggingface-hub >=0.16.4,<1.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       ├── torch >=1.10,<1.12.0 || >1.12.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│       └── tqdm >=4.27 (circular dependency aborted here)
├── pandas *
│   ├── numpy >=1.23.2,<2
│   ├── python-dateutil >=2.8.2
│   │   └── six >=1.5
│   ├── pytz >=2020.1
│   └── tzdata >=2022.1
├── sentencepiece >=0.1.99,<0.2.0
├── sqlalchemy >=1.4.49
│   ├── greenlet !=0.4.17
│   └── typing-extensions >=4.2.0
├── tenacity >=8.2.0,<9.0.0
├── tiktoken >=0.3.3
│   ├── regex >=2022.1.18
│   └── requests >=2.26.0
│       ├── certifi >=2017.4.17
│       ├── charset-normalizer >=2,<4
│       ├── idna >=2.5,<4
│       └── urllib3 >=1.21.1,<3
├── transformers >=4.34.0,<5.0.0
│   ├── accelerate >=0.21.0
│   │   ├── huggingface-hub *
│   │   │   ├── filelock *
│   │   │   ├── fsspec >=2023.5.0
│   │   │   │   ├── aiohttp <4.0.0a0 || >4.0.0a0,<4.0.0a1 || >4.0.0a1
│   │   │   │   │   ├── aiosignal >=1.1.2
│   │   │   │   │   │   └── frozenlist >=1.1.0
│   │   │   │   │   ├── attrs >=17.3.0
│   │   │   │   │   ├── frozenlist >=1.1.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   │   │   │   ├── multidict >=4.5,<7.0
│   │   │   │   │   └── yarl >=1.0,<2.0
│   │   │   │   │       ├── idna >=2.0
│   │   │   │   │       └── multidict >=4.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   │   │   └── requests *
│   │   │   │       ├── certifi >=2017.4.17
│   │   │   │       ├── charset-normalizer >=2,<4
│   │   │   │       ├── idna >=2.5,<4 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   │   │       └── urllib3 >=1.21.1,<3
│   │   │   ├── packaging >=20.9
│   │   │   ├── pyyaml >=5.1
│   │   │   ├── requests * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   │   ├── tqdm >=4.42.1
│   │   │   │   └── colorama *
│   │   │   └── typing-extensions >=3.7.4.3
│   │   ├── numpy >=1.17
│   │   ├── packaging >=20.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── psutil *
│   │   ├── pyyaml * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   ├── safetensors >=0.3.1
│   │   └── torch >=1.10.0
│   │       ├── filelock * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │       ├── fsspec * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │       ├── jinja2 *
│   │       │   └── markupsafe >=2.0
│   │       ├── networkx *
│   │       ├── nvidia-cublas-cu12 12.1.3.1
│   │       ├── nvidia-cuda-cupti-cu12 12.1.105
│   │       ├── nvidia-cuda-nvrtc-cu12 12.1.105
│   │       ├── nvidia-cuda-runtime-cu12 12.1.105
│   │       ├── nvidia-cudnn-cu12 8.9.2.26
│   │       │   └── nvidia-cublas-cu12 * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │       ├── nvidia-cufft-cu12 11.0.2.54
│   │       ├── nvidia-curand-cu12 10.3.2.106
│   │       ├── nvidia-cusolver-cu12 11.4.5.107
│   │       │   ├── nvidia-cublas-cu12 * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │       │   ├── nvidia-cusparse-cu12 *
│   │       │   │   └── nvidia-nvjitlink-cu12 *
│   │       │   └── nvidia-nvjitlink-cu12 * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │       ├── nvidia-cusparse-cu12 12.1.0.106 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │       ├── nvidia-nccl-cu12 2.18.1
│   │       ├── nvidia-nvtx-cu12 12.1.105
│   │       ├── sympy *
│   │       │   └── mpmath >=0.19
│   │       ├── triton 2.1.0
│   │       │   └── filelock * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │       └── typing-extensions * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── filelock * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── huggingface-hub >=0.19.3,<1.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── numpy >=1.17 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── packaging >=20.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── protobuf *
│   ├── pyyaml >=5.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── regex !=2019.12.17
│   ├── requests * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── safetensors >=0.3.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── sentencepiece >=0.1.91,<0.1.92 || >0.1.92
│   ├── tokenizers >=0.14,<0.19
│   │   └── huggingface-hub >=0.16.4,<1.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   ├── torch >=1.10,<1.12.0 || >1.12.0 (circular dependency aborted here)
│   └── tqdm >=4.27 (circular dependency aborted here)
├── typing-extensions >=4.5.0
├── typing-inspect >=0.8.0
│   ├── mypy-extensions >=0.3.0
│   └── typing-extensions >=3.7.4
└── urllib3 <2
mypy 1.7.1 Optional static typing for Python
├── mypy-extensions >=1.0.0
└── typing-extensions >=4.1.0
pre-commit 2.21.0 A framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks.
├── cfgv >=2.0.0
├── identify >=1.0.0
├── nodeenv >=0.11.1
│   └── setuptools *
├── pyyaml >=5.1
└── virtualenv >=20.10.0
    ├── distlib >=0.3.7,<1
    ├── filelock >=3.12.2,<4
    └── platformdirs >=3.9.1,<5
pypdf 3.17.2 A pure-python PDF library capable of splitting, merging, cropping, and transforming PDF files
pytest 7.4.3 pytest: simple powerful testing with Python
├── colorama *
├── iniconfig *
├── packaging *
└── pluggy >=0.12,<2.0
pytest-asyncio 0.21.1 Pytest support for asyncio
└── pytest >=7.0.0
    ├── colorama *
    ├── iniconfig *
    ├── packaging *
    └── pluggy >=0.12,<2.0
pytest-cov 3.0.0 Pytest plugin for measuring coverage.
├── coverage >=5.2.1
└── pytest >=4.6
    ├── colorama *
    ├── iniconfig *
    ├── packaging *
    └── pluggy >=0.12,<2.0
python-multipart 0.0.6 A streaming multipart parser for Python
pyyaml 6.0.1 YAML parser and emitter for Python
qdrant-client 1.7.0 Client library for the Qdrant vector search engine
├── grpcio >=1.41.0
├── grpcio-tools >=1.41.0
│   ├── grpcio >=1.60.0
│   ├── protobuf >=4.21.6,<5.0dev
│   └── setuptools *
├── httpx >=0.14.0
│   ├── anyio *
│   │   ├── idna >=2.8
│   │   └── sniffio >=1.1
│   ├── certifi *
│   ├── h2 >=3,<5
│   │   ├── hpack >=4.0,<5
│   │   └── hyperframe >=6.0,<7
│   ├── httpcore ==1.*
│   │   ├── certifi * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   │   └── h11 >=0.13,<0.15
│   ├── idna * (circular dependency aborted here)
│   └── sniffio * (circular dependency aborted here)
├── numpy >=1.21
├── portalocker >=2.7.0,<3.0.0
│   └── pywin32 >=226
├── pydantic >=1.10.8
│   ├── annotated-types >=0.4.0
│   ├── pydantic-core 2.14.5
│   │   └── typing-extensions >=4.6.0,<4.7.0 || >4.7.0
│   └── typing-extensions >=4.6.1 (circular dependency aborted here)
└── urllib3 >=1.26.14,<2.0.0
ruff 0.1.8 An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter, written in Rust.
types-pyyaml 6.0.12.12 Typing stubs for PyYAML
watchdog 3.0.0 Filesystem events monitoring

poetry update

You can update all the dependencies for a Poetry project like this:

Shell

$ poetry update

For Further Reading

Python Best Practices for a New Project in 2021. This article is already becoming dated. YMMV.

Summary

Demonstrated how to make an alias for working with Python virtual environments (venvs) that are coupled with Python projects.
Deactivating the current venv was demonstrated using the deactivate command, provided with every venv.
Locked directories mean that Python virtual environments should normally only be created in the same environment they are intended to be used.

Jekyll::Drops::SiteDrop articles on LLMs

Mainframe image; Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License by PekoeBlaze

© Copyright 1994-2025 Michael Slinn. All rights reserved.
For requests to use this copyright-protected work in any manner, email mslinn@mslinn.com.

This website was made using Jekyll and Mike Slinn’s Jekyll Plugins.